Scaling up carbon dioxide removal to achieve climate targets

Leading up to COP26, which kicked off on 31 October 2021, a High-level Dialogue on Energy was convened by UN Secretary-General on 24 September under the Theme “Accelerating action to achieve SDG7 in support of the 2030 Agenda and the Paris Agreement”. 

As the first global gathering exclusively devoted to energy since the UN Conference on New and Renewable Sources of Energy in 1981, this Dialogue was a historic opportunity to promote the acceleration action on clean, affordable energy for all by 2030 (SDG7) and on net-zero carbon emissions (SDG 13) by 2050.  

The day before the Dialogue, the Executive Secretaries of the 5 UN Regional Commissions* made a joint statement calling for enhanced regional cooperation to develop nature-based and technological solutions for capturing CO2 emissions from the atmosphere and ensuring its long-term storage:  

Time is running out to avert a climate emergency. Nations around the world are failing to live up to their objectives and commitments on sustainable energy. The recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report stated that climate change is “widespread, rapid, and intensifying”. The UN Secretary-General António Guterres called it “code red for humanity”. 

First of all, we must protect our precious carbon sinks, which include forests, oceans and wetlands.  

Second, carbon dioxide removal is essential if the world is to achieve its universally agreed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Carbon dioxide removal includes nature-based approaches such as reforestation and technology-based approaches such as capture of carbon dioxide emissions from power plants for underground storage or re-use. 

All countries should set clear decarbonization targets. In addition, governments and politicians must be empowered to support ambitious and immediate carbon removal targets. 

Developed countries should put a fair price on the carbon stocks held as global goods in rainforests and peatlands, including the Amazon and Congo Basin, mangrove and coral reefs ecosystems and oceans, and support efforts to increase the capacity of those carbon sinks which are at risk of becoming carbon sources with increasing land degradation driven by climate change.  

While countries must continue to increase ambition under the Paris Agreement to cut emissions, data show that fossil fuels will in some ways remain part of the energy mix in many countries for years to come. Some industries such as cement, steel and iron production, and transport cannot be easily decarbonized.  

Nations need to institute favourable conditions for investment in carbon dioxide removal and develop the needed legal, financial and regulatory frameworks in collaboration with infrastructure and banking institutions. 

Industrialized nations should retrofit existing infrastructure now. In coastal regions, nature-based solutions such as mangrove forests can be increased to support carbon dioxide net emissions targets and to alleviate the effects of extreme weather events. Patent waivers on next-generation climate technologies could facilitate investment in modernizing global energy infrastructure. 

Carbon dioxide removal is not considered universally as a viable approach to climate change mitigation.  The UN Regional Commissions can play an instrumental role in convening stakeholders to address existing gaps in knowledge and governance in the context of regional and national specificities and address the region-specific implications and trade-offs of global action on carbon dioxide removal.  

Sharing best practices among nations with respect to carbon dioxide removal improves the opportunity to build inclusive sustainable livelihoods. 

In developing countries, carbon dioxide removal activities, whether nature based or technological, should also feature as part of the effort to provide sustainable livelihoods that can accelerate the attainment of the SDGs. 

A circular economy approach towards carbon needs to be embraced by societies to be able to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 and net-zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) emissions by 2060-2070 to keep the global warming within 1.5 ℃. Having a sound understanding of the potential contributions of natural and technological carbon dioxide removal would underpin the call for a radical transformation of production and consumption patterns.

In our everyday lives, the systemic changes required will see high performance buildings that re-use carbon dioxide becoming commonplace alongside stronger commitments on methane management and socio-environmental-economic contracts in resource management. These actions will integrate quality of life aspirations with environmental stewardship to deliver climate change mitigation and adaptation. 

Enhancing governance of carbon dioxide removal could provide an excellent opportunity to focus and align regional and international efforts to attain global circular carbon economy. By working together, carbon dioxide removal has the potential to become a critical component of viable climate policy options for regions now and in the decades to come. 

Watch 'Challenges and Opportunities for Harnessing Climate & Sustainable Development Goal Synergies:  the role of Carbon Dioxide Removal', a side-event to the UN High-Level Dialogue on Energy.  

Watch more of the Dialogue’s events on UN TV at https://media.un.org/en/asset/k1y/k1yklpgxlu 

(*) UNECE, UNECA, UNESCAP, UNECLAC and UNESCWA ;are all members of the United Nations Sustainable Development Group (UNSDG). 

 

The original version of this blog was posted to the UNECE website on 23 September 2021. Introduction slightly adapted by the Development Coordination Office (DCO) for reposting purposes. Written by Olga Algayerova, Executive Secretary of the UN Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), Armida Salsiah Alishahbana, Executive Secretary of the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP), Alicia Bárcena, Executive Secretary of the UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UNECLAC), Rola Dashti, Executive Secretary of the UN Economic and Social Commissions for Western Asia (UNESCWA) and Vera Songwe, Executive Secretary of the UN Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA). 

To learn more about the results of our work in this area and beyond, please read the UNSDG Chair Report on DCO.